Save For College: Getting Started

Here you sit looking for information about saving for college for your child.  Close your eyes and think for a moment about how you will feel on the day that your child comes to you with a white envelop in hand, from the school that they have been dreaming about going to for years.  With acceptance letter in hand, you may be overwhelmed, wondering just where the time went.  You may be proud and exciting.  You may be dreading the cost of what that school is going to be.

If you wish to provide your child with the education that they are so looking forward to, you must take into consideration the college savings that you have taken the time to build.  If you haven’t done so just yet, there are several key things that you will want to think about before getting started.  What’s important is that you do get started!

Here are some tips for you to take into consideration.

• Financial aid is out there, but it may be limited.  In addition, loan programs are costly to your child in the long run.  Therefore, it is time to begin thinking about your child’s education now, long before they need it.
• Savings accounts, certificates of deposit, annuities, and taxable investment accounts are options for saving that you have.  Of course, the more security and the higher the interest rate is, the better.
• Consider Section 529 College Savings.  This is a program designed by the government to provide you with the ability to save without taxes hindering you.  Another option is the Coverdell education savings account.
• Take a few minutes to find a college actual cost calculator on the web.  These will help you by allowing you to see what the actual cost of college will be for your child once he or she gets there.  This is dependant on their age and the type of school you would hope they would attend.  It can be a true eye opener.

Learning as much as you can about college savings can help you to really find the right solution for you and for your child.  While it may take some time for you to figure out the right way for you to go, learning about your options is essential and it can be the very best route to take.

The Easiest Way to Remove Bad Items from Your Credit Report

Did you know that it's possible to remove bad items from your credit report? Any inaccurate item showing up on your credit report that's damaging your credit can be removed, otherwise you have the right to sue the credit agency.

Here's how to remove bad items from your credit report.

==> Get a Report from All Three Agencies

The first step is to get a credit report from all three credit reporting agencies. You can get your report once a year for free from annualcreditreport.com.

Look through each and every one of your accounts carefully. Is there anything you don't recognize? Anything that's overstated or understated?

Highlight any suspicious accounts. Note the account numbers and descriptions.

Some bad items will appear on just one agency's report, while other errors will appear on all your credit reports.

==> Beginning the Dispute Process

Look for the dispute address of the credit agency you want to contact. It's usually on their website.

Also look at their expected response times and policies for removing items.

Usually, you can expect a response within 30 days. If you don't get a response within 30 days, you may be eligible for a lawsuit, or the item may have to legally be dropped.

Find a few sample dispute letters online and modify the letters to suit your own purposes. Usually the letter needs to illustrate exactly why you believe the account is erroneous and needs to list the exact account numbers and descriptions.

Be sure to also be clear about what you want them to do. For example, if the account exists but isn't actually delinquent, let them know that you want them to update the status to "Never Delinquent" rather than remove the item.

==> The Next Steps

One of three things will happen once you've sent in your dispute letter:

1. They respond and remove the item. In this case, no further action needs to be taken.

2. They respond and say that the item is not an error. They need to also provide documentation stating why this is the case, including the actual credit filing by the creditor.

Look over the filing. Was this account opened by you? If not, you may have an identity theft issue on your hands. If it was, but is being incorrectly reported, you need to contact the creditor directly to work out the issue.

3. They don't respond. In this case, you have certain rights, including at times the right to have the items removed or the right to a lawsuit. Consult a lawyer for specific rights in this case.

The whole process of disputing a report item should take no more than three hours. Those three hours could result in your ability to open credit cards, your ability to buy a home or your ability to buy a car at much better rates.

Is It Possible to Repair Bad Credit on Your Own?

Often times people feel as if they have no choice but to either wait for their credit to improve on its own, or seek professional help. But is it possible to do it yourself?

The answer is a resounding "yes!" Not only can you do it yourself, it's often better for your credit to do it yourself than to get professional help.

A professional might charge you $200 an item to get it off your credit report. From all three reporting agencies, that's $600. If you applied that $600 to paying down a high balance account instead, that's often a much better use of your money than hiring a professional.

What does the process of repairing your credit report on your own look like?

==> Start by Figuring Out Exactly What Needs to Be Done

Start by going through your credit report and writing down all the different items that you need to dispute.

Disputing incorrect entries is easier than you might expect. Credit rating agencies are legally bound to research each and every single claim of inaccuracy.

Go through the credit report from each reporting agency and note each inaccurate account.

==> Contact the Agencies

The best way to contact an agency is through the mail. Letters of dispute can be tracked using certified mail. Make sure you keep records of every letter you send in case you have to take further action in the future.

Mail the agency with a listing of all inaccuracies and request that they either be removed or they provide proof that the item is correct.

You should receive a response within about 30 days.

Note that sometimes reporting agencies will remove your item in 30 days and put it back in the report if they receive the proof later. If that's the case, they'll need to send you the proof and a letter informing you that the item was placed back on your report.

If you don't get a written notice, you're legally eligible for $1,000 from the reporting agency.

==> Cost versus Benefits of Doing It Yourself

As discussed earlier, it's much cheaper to do it yourself than to hire a professional. The money saved can be used to pay down debts, further improving your credit.

However, there are a few things that you have to take into account when you're disputing credit report items on your own.

First of all are the time requirements. You need to carefully research every disputed item to ensure that it truly is incorrect. Then you need to provide any documentation you can and keep tabs on everything.

Also, you should consider the amount of energy it takes to go through this process. Simply trying to hold all the pieces in your mind takes a lot of concentration; and for many people it can be stressful.

Should you do it on your own? It depends on whether you'd rather have the time or have the money. If you can spare the time and would rather do it yourself, it's absolutely a viable method and thousands of people do it every year.

Learn to Recognize Bad Credit Loan Scams

If you have below average credit, there are people out to get you. Unscrupulous scammers know that people with bad credit often need loans and use the opportunity to extract both money and personal information.

How do these kinds of scams work and how can you avoid them? Let's take a look.

==> How a Bad Credit Loan Scam Works

The scammer first comes into contact with you via email, phone or through a website.

Usually they have some sort of promise where they guarantee that you'll be approved for a loan, no matter what your credit looks like. (That should be your first red flag - no real lender guarantees loans without seeing your credit.)

They'll then ask for your personal information, including social security, address, birth dates and account numbers, in order to process your loan.

Finally, they'll usually ask for an "advance fee" which needs to be paid in order to process your loan.

Of course, once the fee is paid, no real money is ever wired to your account. The fee is forfeit, but the scam doesn't end there.

Your personal information is often then sold to third parties, who in turn use your information to write bad checks, open unauthorized credit card accounts or commit all kinds of other fraudulent activities.

In other words, falling for one of these scams will not only cost you money, but possibly result in a stolen identity.

==> How to Recognize and Avoid These Scams

The first step to recognizing a scammer is to always, always, always research the lender before giving any personal information.

Use the Better Business Bureau's website to look up any business you're considering. If you see any scam reports, avoid it. Also look them up on RipoffReport.

Never pay upfront for a loan of any sort. That applies for personal loans, bad credit loans and payday loans. In the USA and in Canada, it's illegal for lenders to ask for a fee upfront, so if they do you know you're dealing with a scammer.

Finally, only work with websites you trust and know. Never do business with a company you've never heard of, especially if they reached out to you first via email. Real lenders will never, ever send out unsolicited emails.

With just a bit of background information and a careful mentality, you can avoid getting scammed. It's unfortunate that there are people out there preying on people just when they can least afford the financial hit, but such scams all too common.

You now know how these scammers work, as well as a few tell-tale signs that'll allow you to spot these scams a mile away.

How Long Does It Take for Each Item to Disappear?

If you have negative items on your credit report, how long does it really take for them to disappear? Knowing how long certain items stay can make a big difference on how you plan to improve your credit in the long run.

Here's everything you need to know about when items disappear from your credit report.

==> The 24-Month Rule

The first thing to realize is that 70% of your credit score is calculated from your last 24 months of credit history.

In other words, even if credit card defaults are reported for seven years, if you start building up your credit now you'll still have a good chance of getting a credit card in two years.

You don't have to wait for an item to completely fall off your credit report before its level of damage can be minimized.

==> When the "Fall Off" Clock Starts Ticking

There's often a bit of confusion that surrounds when exactly the clock starts ticking for something to leave your credit report.

There are two things creditors look at for gauging recency of credit report items: Date of Last Activity (DOLA) and Date of Last Delinquency (DOLD).

The clock for when something should leave your credit report starts at the DOLD. In other words, the date when you're first delinquent on a payment is when the clock should start ticking.

Making a payment on that account will increase your DOLA, bringing it up to the current date. However, your DOLD will remain as the old date. In other words, making a payment to a delinquent account will not "reset" the time it takes to fall off your credit report.

==> How Long Different Items Stay on Your Credit Report

In general, items on your credit report will fall off after seven years. That applies to both installment loans (e.g. car loans) and revolving credit (e.g. credit cards).

There are a few exceptions, however.

• Tax liens will stay on your credit report for seven years after the debt is paid.
• Bankruptcy will stay on your credit report for ten years.
• Any application for a credit account of $50,000 or more can stay on your credit report for an indefinite amount of time.

It's also important to note that government-backed student loans and lawsuit judgments have different rules. The statute of limitations can increase the length of time a lawsuit judgment stays on your record. Student loans can also be reported for longer periods of time, depending on guarantor actions.

As a good rule of thumb, however, most items will stay on your credit report for seven years after the date you were first delinquent. If you find an item on your credit report that has passed that date and not been removed, contact the credit agency.

What to Look for in a Contract with a Credit Repair Agency

Your most important tool against bad credit repair deals is your credit repair contract. Before you sign any kind of contract with a credit repair agency, you need to make sure you're protected.

Most contracts are written by the credit repair agency and are naturally written more for their benefit than yours. That said, if you know what to look for, you can make sure that everything you need is covered in the contract.

Here are the most important clauses to look for in any credit repair contract.

==> What They're Agreeing to Do

The contract should explicitly state exactly what the credit repair agency will do for you.

For example, they might commit to sending X letters to X agencies to help you remove items from your report. They might agree to follow up with those companies, as well as to advise you on lawsuit opportunities.

If you're having them also take on a debt consolidation role, make sure you also cover all your bases there. The agreement should spell out explicitly how the consolidation process is handled and what kind of support you'll have during the process.

==> The Cost Structure

The contract should contain details on how the program is priced. Any implied verbal guarantees should be written into the paperwork. There should be no additional costs that you don't understand, no fine print with extra fees.

Different credit repair agencies charge differently. Some require an upfront fee, others don't. Some charge a percentage of debt, others charge a flat fee.

If you're just having the repair agency remove items from your credit report for you, usually the payment will be made in the form of a "per item" fee. For example, an agency might charge $250 for each item they can remove from a credit report.

Make sure you understand the cost structure and any additional costs before signing the paperwork.

==> How Long before You Can Expect Results

The contract should have a set duration. Six months to one year is a good period of time for an extensive credit repair project.

If a contract doesn't have a set duration, make sure you have a crystal clear cancellation period. After all, if you've seen no results for six months, you want to make sure you can back out and find someone else to help you.

These are some of the most important things you should look for in a credit repair contract. Before you sign anything, make sure you read over every line and fully comprehend everything you're signing. If the contract accurately represents everything that you talked about verbally and you believe it's a good deal for you, then sign the paperwork.

Benefits Of Buying A Home Over Renting

People are driven by different passions that influence them to make different decisions in life thus necessitating them to be careful since such decisions may have lasting consequences. For instance, people struggle with the choice of buying a home, constructing or renting it because each of these has its own unique consequences. Investing in real estate property is often costly thus making the right decision on such matters is usually very crucial since failure to make the right decision can trap you in unnecessary financial burden that you may never come out of. You are likely to derive numerous benefits from buying over renting.

If you buy a home, you eliminate the uncertainty of paying rent that may sometimes push you over the edge just to pay your rent. This makes you feel more confident about the decisions you make regarding investing by allowing you to invest in risky investments because you have no fear of not getting the returns as fast as you expect. Ultimately, you end up earning more money from your investments since investments made after careful analysis are likely to generate huge returns.

Buying a home is a lifetime investment that is going to help you in desperate times even when you are unemployed like during retirement years. This is because you need not worry about being evicted or damaging your credit score because you cannot pay your rent as expected, which ultimately leads to better quality life and a peaceful retirement time. It is also possible to apply for loans using the home as security, which you cannot get if you are living in a rental house.

Owning a home gives you some sense of self-achievement that you cannot have if you are living in a rental home. This is because you can even make long term plans regarding the home without worrying that you will not be able to earn money in future to fund payment of any rent. You can comfortably do anything you want to do in your home like making some adjustments on the design to customize it to be the way you want without worrying about asking for approval of the management company or the landlord.

The amount of money you pay towards your rent may sometimes be equivalent to how much you would spend on payment of mortgage repayments. In the case of a rental house, you are never going to own the property irrespective of how committed you are to paying the rent promptly. If you intend to live in that location for a considerably long time, it is time to think of applying for a mortgage since you can even start living in the house long before you pay it fully.

Buying or renting decision is influenced by different factors among them the duration within which you want to live in that area. You also want to do something you can afford thus making the right decision is essential. You may want to evaluate the property prices within the area within which you want to buy.

Advice For Buying Real Estate

Looking at buying a piece of property to live at or even operate your store from can be a good thing. However, you may quickly discover this is going to be more of a challenge then what you think. This is when you should have some advice for buying real estate to guarantee you are able to make money on a regular basis. Without this type of assurance you will have trouble in getting to enjoy the property which you are investing in. By having this, though, it is easy for you to get the proper property and know you will be able to enjoy living at the location or operating your business from the property.

Look at what purpose the property is able to carry out and perform for you. Sometimes you will find the property is going to be carrying out a specific purpose. When you look at the purpose the property can do, then you will know if you are going to have the proper land for your needs or not. Without this information, you may have trouble in getting to enjoy the property because of the different problems it has.

Figure out if the property you are buying is going to suit all of your needs and those of the other people you may have the land available to. Sometimes you will want to have animals and other items on your property like a home based business. Since you will have this type of challenge you need to make sure the property will allow you to do these items. Then you can have the assurance you are able to do what you want to do on the property.

Determine if any deed restrictions are present on the property. Deed restrictions can be difficult for you to deal with at times. When you know about these restrictions, you will want to make sure you are able to get the changes made on the property that is not going to violate these restrictions. Then you can guarantee you can use the property the way you want to.

Find out about the utilities and guarantee these are in property operation. Guaranteeing the property is in the proper working order can be quite a bit harder then just looking at it. Instead, you need to make sure all the electric is hooked up properly, the gas lines are ran into the house in the right manner, the water and even the sewer works. Then you can know for certain the house will suit your needs.

Having a great time when you are buying property to rent out or even use for your own can be a good thing. However, you should make sure you know more about what to look for in this property to guarantee you are only getting the right property for your business or house. Without this advice, you may end up looking at the property and not be able to get the features you want to have for the land.

A Beginner's Guide To Buying Your First Home

Are you ready to take the plunge into home ownership, but don't know where to begin? Do the thoughts of down payments and closing costs make your head spin? If so, you are in luck. This beginner's guide for first time home buyers will help you navigate the waters of home ownership.

Real Estate Contract

After you have found the piece of property that you want to purchase, you will need to write a legal binding contract. This is the form you will take to your lender when you apply for a home loan. There are several important things that must be included in a real estate contract.

You will need to include the sellers' names, the property address and your name at the top of the contract. You will also need to include a brief description of the property. If items are to be included in the sale, you will need to list them in the contract. For example, if the seller agrees to leave the appliances, you will need to notate each appliance that is to remain with the property.

In addition to the information above, you will need to disclose the amount of earnest money that is given to the seller or the seller's real estate agent. Earnest money is simply money that is used to secure the property until your loan is approved.

Finally, you will need to make the contract contingent on several factors. A contingency clause allows you to recover your earnest money if you cannot get approved for a home loan or if the house does not pass the inspections agreed upon.

Down Payments

The amount of money needed for a down payment depends on several factors. If you have bad credit or no credit, you may need to put down a larger down payment. If you have good credit or the house appraises for more than the contract price, you may be allowed to use some of the equity as a portion of your down payment.

Inspections

There are several inspections that should be done before the home loan closes. One such inspection is a termite inspection. A certified pest control company will come and inspect the property for termite damage. If any damage is found, the contract can be renegotiated or you can get your earnest money back. Other inspections may need to be done before the loan is approved. This can include a survey, an appraisal, an insulation inspection and a heating and cooling inspection.

Closing Costs

The amount of closing costs will vary from lender to lender. Things that are included in your closing costs are appraisals, surveys, inspections and lender fees. Some of these fees will be paid by the seller, others will be paid by the buyer. You will receive a settlement statement showing what each party will be responsible for at the time of closing.

Are you ready to dive into the real estate market after reading this article? You should now know everything you need to know about down payments, home inspections and closing costs. Refer back to this guide if you have questions during your search for the perfect first home.

Are You Interested In Forex Trading?

You have probably heard about Forex trading before but how much do you really know about this market? A lot of novice traders start investing on Forex without really knowing what they are doing and end up losing money. Do not make this mistake and learn about Forex trading before you invest on this market.

Forex traders usually do not make a large profit until they gain years of experience on this market. You should not start trading and expect to earn a profit right away. Take plenty of time to learn as much as possible about Forex trading and start with small investments. Consider all your losses as investments you are making for a successful future as a trader.

Choose a reliable broker. You should do some research on different brokers, for instance by talking to other traders about the brokers they use. There are many Forex brokers to choose from but some of them are much better than others. Price is an important factor but you should not choose your broker only in function of the cost of creating an account. Try finding a broker with a strong reputation and several years of experience.

Learn to reduce your risks while trading. You can avoid making mistakes by following the trend as closely as possible. You should also sell as soon as your investment loses its value in order to minimize your losses. An investment might lose value at anytime, which is why you should use stop loss orders to get rid of your investments automatically even when you are not in the middle of a trading session.

Be realistic about your profit margin. You will soon acquire a better idea of how much you can expect to earn from an investment as you gain more experience with Forex trading. It is best to look for safe investments with a smaller profit margin rather than taking risks in the hope of earning a greater profit. Set a stop loss order to sell your investment as soon as you earn the profit you were expecting. This is a good way to secure your profit instead of waiting and taking the risk of seeing your investment lose its value.

You should avoid investing more than half of your available capital. It is best to always have some funds available in case you come across an excellent opportunity. Investing less than half of your funds is also a good way to minimize your losses. You could lose all the money you invested and still have enough in your account to earn a profit that corresponds to what you lost. Make very small investments at a time if you are still new to Forex and need to gain some experience.

These Forex trading tips will help you become a better trader and eventually earn a profit. Take all the time you need to learn more about trading before you start investing on the Forex market in order to minimize your risks.

Buying A Home: The Personal Benefits Of Ownership

You may have heard over and over again that owning a home is wonderful and truly a dream come true. Certainly there are risks involved with purchasing a home, but when there are so many positives, they can in turn outweigh the negatives. If you have played it safe and have been renting for years, you are throwing your money out the window. You are making the landlord rich, but do you get any benefits?

What are your benefits of owning a home?

Let's take a look at renting. When you are renting a place, you are automatically limited as to how you can transform the space and make it your own. In other words, there is very little personality you can infuse into a rented space. Any improvements you make will ultimately benefit the landlord and not you.

Does it really make sense to spend money to improve someone else's space? Probably not. In any case, you may not even be able to paint the walls a different color than eggshell white without having to ask for permission from the landlord. At the end of the day, the landlord gets the last word in and not you.

If the place you are renting has severe structural damage, mold, old carpeting or any other number of things, there is little chance that your landlord will ever fix them. The point is to increase the profit margin by spending a minimal amount of money on fixing the building, so your comfort is not important.

When you choose to own a home, you are given freedom to decorate your home as you pretty much please. If you want paint your walls a shocking blue, that is your decision and the landlord won't be there to discourage you.

Apartments are set up to accommodate as many families in one building as they possibly can. This means that your space is very limited and you  usually won't get a garage or a storage facility to store your belongings. For growing families, this can become a real hindrance as children don't have enough room for privacy and neither do the parents. If you strive to get as much closet space as you can or time in your bathroom, that certainly won't happen in an apartment.

Owning a home is not cheaper than renting an apartment in the beginning. However, over the years, you will find that your costs are slowly decreasing as you don't have to rent extra storage space for your belongings or use a coin-op laundry to get your clothes washed.

Purchasing a home can also be beneficial in letting you choose a high-end neighborhood or an area that otherwise doesn't have a lot of rentals. If you want to enjoy private mountain life or live in the suburbs, most areas don't have apartments for rent, or the ones they do have are pricey and have a waiting list.

It is important that you don't take the concept of home ownership lightly. It is not an easy overnight decision to make. There are costs involved as well as a certain amount of anxiety. Keep these tips in mind for making an informed decision!

A Managed Forex Account

These are forex accounts that are not traded by you, but by a money manager on your behalf.  This is a similar situation to employing an investment advisor to trade equities and bonds on your behalf.  It is suitable for use if you do not have sufficient knowledge or time to trade yourself.  Many traders do not want to learn the often complex and intricate mechanisms of this large financial market.  Individuals who prefer having a professional manage their funds would prefer this type of account.

The Advantages of a Managed Forex Account

One of the most important advantages of a managed forex account is that your money is held by your broker and not by your manager.  This gives the money manager the responsibility to do the trades for you, but he or she will not have the authority to withdraw money from your account.

The other advantages linked to this type of account are:

• Large brokerages offer you extensive experience in this market which you have access to.  Your money manager will inspect your portfolio on a regular basis and diversify your investments if necessary.
• You do not need to have experience in the forex market as your manager will be doing your trades.  This provides you with a knowledge base based on practical experience which is to your advantage.
• You will normally receive a daily report on all the positions you currently hold.
• The possibility of showing profits irrespective of the state of the market is increased by using this type of account.
• Through your money manager, you will have access to the market 24 hours of every day.  If you choose to trade personally, there is always the possibility that you may miss out on a profitable trade because you were not online at the time.

Disadvantages of a Managed Forex Account

Since you are not personally managing your account, you may face several risks.  The risk of being scammed is high as you may have chosen to use an untrustworthy broker.  You may be assigned a money manager who is incompetent and this could cause you to lose funds.

Scammers should be quite easy to recognize as they will constantly request deposits from you.  Their main aim is to get as much money out of you as possible.  To avoid this risk, obtain details from your broker as to the manner in which your account will be managed.

Check if you have been assigned a normal account as the account will then be a personal one and in your name.  This means that all the funding you put in will go to the broker.  If you are assigned to a pooled account, your funds are normally sent directly to the money manager who is responsible for pooling funds received from various clients into an account that he or she controls.

One of the scariest aspects of a managed forex account is that you could lose all your money through incompetence.  To avoid this, you should ensure that you read and understand your contract before you sign on the bottom line.  You must be aware of who will be handling your account and the methods they intend using.

How to Overcome Financial Stress

Everybody experiences financial stress at one time or another. Unfortunately, it is hard to live a normal life when financial strain is overwhelming you. You know you have to get on track before your finances overcome you, but knowing where to start can be difficult. Here are some tips to get you on the road to financial recovery.

The bottom line is this: don't spend more than you bring in. A budget will tell you what this amount should be. Make a list of every expense you have each month, add it up, and subtract the result from your total income. That is what you have left to spend. If you end up in the red, you need to think of ways to cut back.

Some people have never tried this: put a portion of your paycheck, no matter how small, into a savings account. It is even easier if you have it withdrawn electronically from your checking account each payday. Every little bit adds up, and soon you won't even miss the small deduction. Everyone should have a savings account for emergency situations, such as medical emergencies and car repairs.

Get rid of all credit card debt, and then close the accounts. If you cannot pay them all off at once, pay one off at a time, and watch your monthly output decrease. If you have some self-control, you should keep one account open in order to keep building credit history. Only consider this if you can pay it off in full each month.

If you have any money to invest, do so. Whether you invest in your company's 401k, gold, silver or art, you can earn money for your retirement years. Many people fail to provide for their retirement, and end up living on little or nothing. This can be prevented by planning ahead.

If your employer offers a 401k plan, be sure to invest. Your contributions come out of your pre-taxed income, and many employers will match a portion of your investment. This is a sure-fire way of putting money away for those "golden years."

Periodically review your budget to see where you may be able to cut back. If you spend too much on groceries, consider clipping coupons to save money. If you eat a lot of fast food, you can get your wallet healthier, as well as your body, by cutting that out. Join a carpool to work to save on gas. There are always ways to cut back on spending.

Always keep your receipts, and keep a monthly inventory of your spending. Most people do not realize how much they spend until they do this. Every latte, work lunch, manicure and new outfit adds up to what can be a bundle if you aren't careful.

Once you gain control over your personal finances, and get some savings in the bank, you will feel less stress and anxiety over money. You will be able to see the future more clearly, and you will enjoy it more, knowing you have the security you need.